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Compare Kiribati (2008) - Micronesia, Federated States of (2001)

Compare Kiribati (2008) z Micronesia, Federated States of (2001)

 Kiribati (2008)Micronesia, Federated States of (2001)
 KiribatiMicronesia, Federated States of
Administrative divisions 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina) 4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap
Age structure 0-14 years: 38.2% (male 20,886/female 20,322)


15-64 years: 58.4% (male 31,083/female 31,884)


65 years and over: 3.4% (male 1,554/female 2,088) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%
Agriculture - products copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens
Airports 19 (2007) 7 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2007)
total:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 15


914 to 1,523 m: 11


under 914 m: 4 (2007)
total:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 811 sq km


land: 811 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
total:
702 sq km

land:
702 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Truk (Chuuk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC four times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati. In 1979 the Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid.
Birth rate 30.48 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) -
Budget revenues: $55.52 million


expenditures: $59.71 million (FY05)
revenues:
$161 million ($69 million less grants)

expenditures:
$160 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital name: Tarawa


geographic coordinates: 1 19 N, 172 58 E


time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Palikir
Climate tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage
Coastline 1,143 km 6,112 km
Constitution 12 July 1979 10 May 1979
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati


conventional short form: Kiribati


local long form: Republic of Kiribati


local short form: Kiribati


note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss


former: Gilbert Islands
conventional long form:
Federated States of Micronesia

conventional short form:
none

former:
Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)

abbreviation:
FSM
Currency - US dollar (USD)
Death rate 8.12 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) -
Debt - external $10 million (1999 est.) $111 million (1997 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati chief of mission:
Ambassador Diane E. WATSON

embassy:
address NA, Kolonia

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1286, Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia 96941

telephone:
[691] 320-2187

FAX:
[691] 320-2186
Diplomatic representation in the US Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu chief of mission:
Ambassador Jesse Bibiano MAREHALAU

chancery:
1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 223-4383

FAX:
[1] (202) 223-4391

consulate(s) general:
Honolulu and Tamuning (Guam)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $27.84 million largely from UK and Japan (2005) under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US will provide $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001
Economy - overview A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. Private sector initiatives and a financial sector are in the early stages of development. Foreign financial aid from UK, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and China equals more than 10% of GDP. Remittances from seamen on merchant ships abroad account for more than $5 million each year. Kiribati receives around $15 million annually for the government budget from an Australian trust fund. Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remoteness of the location and a lack of adequate facilities hinder development. In 1996, the country experienced a 20% reduction in revenues from the Compact of Free Association - the agreement between the US and Micronesia in which Micronesia receives $1.3 billion in financial and technical assistance over a 15-year period until 2001 - as a result of the second step-down under the agreement. Since these revenues accounted for 57% of consolidated government revenues, reduced Compact funding resulted in a severe depression. While Micronesia's economy appears to have bottomed out in 1999, the country's medium-term economic outlook remains fragile due to likely further reductions in external grants made under the US Compact funding. Geographical isolation and a poorly developed infrastructure remain major impediments to long-term growth.
Electricity - consumption 8.37 million kWh (2005) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) -
Electricity - production 9 million kWh (2005) NA kWh
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Banaba 81 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Totolom 791 m
Environment - current issues heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Micronesian 98.8%, other 1.2% (2000 census) nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003) the US dollar is used
Executive branch chief of state: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO


cabinet: 12-member cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Parliament


elections: the House of Parliament chooses the presidential candidates from among its members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for two more terms); election last held 17 October 2007 (next to be held in 2011); vice president appointed by the president


election results: Anote TONG 63.7%, Nabuti MWEMWENIKARAWA 32.9%
chief of state:
President Leo A. FALCAM (since 21 July 1999); Vice President Redley KILLION (since 21 July 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Leo A. FALCAM (since 21 July 1999); Vice President Redley KILLION (since 21 July 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet

elections:
president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators-at-large for four-year terms; election last held NA May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2003)

election results:
Leo A. FALCAM elected president; percent of Congress vote - NA%; Redley KILLION elected vice president; percent of Congress vote - NA%
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) $73 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
Exports - commodities copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish fish, garments, bananas, black pepper
Exports - partners US 22.8%, Belgium 21.5%, Japan 14.3%, Samoa 7.8%, Australia 7.5%, Malaysia 6.7%, Taiwan 5.6%, Denmark 4.6% (2006) Japan, US, Guam
Fiscal year NA 1 October - 30 September
Flag description the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern
GDP - purchasing power parity - $263 million (1999 est.)

note:
GDP is supplemented by grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 8.9%


industry: 24.2%


services: 66.8% (2004)
agriculture:
19%

industry:
4%

services:
77% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $2,000 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0.3% (2005) 0.3% (1999 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 25 N, 173 00 E 6 55 N, 158 15 E
Geography - note 21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru four major island groups totaling 607 islands
Highways - total:
240 km

paved:
42 km

unpaved:
198 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports 216.4 bbl/day (2004) $168 million (c.i.f., 1996 est.)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages
Imports - partners Australia 33%, Fiji 27.1%, Japan 18.1%, NZ 6.9% (2006) US, Japan, Australia
Independence 12 July 1979 (from UK) 3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 0.7% (1991 est.) NA%
Industries fishing, handicrafts tourism, construction, fish processing, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls
Infant mortality rate total: 46.02 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 51.03 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 40.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
-
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.5% (2005 est.) 2.6% (FY98/99)
International organization participation ACP, ADB, C, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA NA sq km
Judicial branch Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president Supreme Court
Labor force 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001 est.) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 2.7%


industry: 32%


services: 65.3% (2000)
two-thirds are government employees
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 2.74%


permanent crops: 47.95%


other: 49.31% (2005)
arable land:
NA%

permanent crops:
NA%

permanent pastures:
NA%

forests and woodland:
NA%

other:
NA%
Languages I-Kiribati, English (official) English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean
Legal system NA based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Legislative branch unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (46 seats; 44 members elected by popular vote, 1 ex officio member - the attorney general, 1 nominated by the Rabi Council of Leaders (representing Banaba Island); to serve four-year terms)


elections: legislative elections were held in two rounds - the first round on 22 August 2007 and the second round on 30 August 2007 (next to be held in 2011)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA, other 2 (includes attorney general)
unicameral Congress (14 seats; members elected by popular vote; four - one elected from each of state - to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population - to serve two-year terms)

elections:
elections for four-year term seats last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003); elections for two-year term seats last held 6 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2003)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14
Life expectancy at birth total population: 62.45 years


male: 59.41 years


female: 65.63 years (2007 est.)
-
Literacy definition: NA


total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
89%

male:
91%

female:
88% (1980 est.)
Location Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the Equator; the capital Tarawa is about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (UTC +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia
Map references Oceania Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 7 ships (1000 GRT or over) 28,435 GRT/42,682 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 3, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 2


foreign-owned: 3 (Malaysia 1, Singapore 1, Turkey 1) (2007)
none (2000 est.)
Military - note Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with the US; FSM is totally dependent on the US for its defense
Military branches no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands) (2007) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA -
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1979) Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)
Nationality noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural)


adjective: I-Kiribati
noun:
Micronesian(s)

adjective:
Micronesian; Kosrae(s), Pohnpeian(s), Trukese, Yapese
Natural hazards typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level typhoons (June to December)
Natural resources phosphate (production discontinued in 1979) forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON]; Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Pati or MKP; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]


note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
no formal parties
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 107,817 (July 2007 est.) 134,597 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.235% (2007 est.) -
Ports and harbors - Colonia (Yap), Kolonia (Pohnpei), Lele, Moen
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (may be inactive) (2002) AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - NA
Railways - 0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 52%, Protestant (Congregational) 40%, other (includes Seventh-Day Adventist, Muslim, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, Church of God) 8% (1999) Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%, other and none 3%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.028 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.975 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.744 male(s)/female


total population: 0.986 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
-
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: generally good quality national and international service


domestic: wire line service available on Tarawa and Kiritimati (Christmas Island); connections to outer islands by HF/VHF radiotelephone; wireless service available in Tarawa since 1999


international: country code - 686; Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
general assessment:
adequate system

domestic:
islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes)

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 4,500 (2002) 11,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 600 (2004) NA
Television broadcast stations 1 (possibly inactive) (2002) 2 (1997)
Terrain mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Truk
Total fertility rate 4.12 children born/woman (2007 est.) -
Unemployment rate 2% official rate; underemployment 70% (1992 est.) 16% (1999 est.)
Waterways 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2007) none
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